DEEKSHITH KUMAR PUTTUR

Dear Learner, Here is a very Simple Quiz on Indian Corporate Law. Please watch the video and answer the simple questions given in the below link. If you pass by getting  50%  and above, you will get an email from the certifyem with a beautiful certificate. Conditions: 1. Any PUC/ Graduate/ Post Graduate/ NET/ SLET aspirant/ learner can attend this quiz. 2. Scoring of 50% is compulsory for getting a certificate. 3. Watch the complete video and answer the multiple-choice questions. Quiz - Week 1   Topic:  Introduction to Indian Corporate Law Click  here  to watch the video.                Click here to attend the quiz. Quiz - Week 2   Topic:  Companies Act, 1956-2013 Click here  to watch the video.                Click here  to attend the quiz. Quiz - Week 3   Topic:  Meaning, Definition and Characteristics of Company Click First  ...

  Meaning The word motive derived from the word ‘motive’ which means any idea, need or emotion that prompts a man into action. It is something that moves a person into action and continues him in the course of action enthusiastically. Definition According to Dalton E. McFarland , “Motivation refers to the way in which urges, drives, desires, aspirations, strivings or needs direct, control or explain the behavior of human beings” Dubin has defined motivation as “the complex of forces starting and keeping a person at work in an organisation. Motivation is something that moves the person to action and continues him in the course of action already initiated” Maslow's theory of Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs is one of the best-known theories of motivation. Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory of motivation which states that five categories of human needs dictate an individual’s behavior. Abraham Maslow first introduced the concep...

Staffing involves the determination of manpower requirements of the enterprise and providing it with adequate competent people at all its levels. Due to the rapid advancement of technology, increasing size of organizations and complex behavior of human beings. Due importance must be given to human recourse planning, recruitment and selection, training, appraisal and remuneration of workers. Meaning It is concerned with manning various positions in the organization. According to Koontz, O’Donnel and Weihrich, “ The managerial function of staffing involves manning the organizational structure though proper and effective selection, appraisal and development of personnel to fill the role designed into the structure ”. The staffing function of management pertains to recruitment, selection, training, development, appraisal and remuneration of personnel.  The responsibility for the efficient planning and execution of staffing function rests upon every manager at all levels. Concept of Sta...

Introduction Managing is one of the most important human activities. Ever since people began forming groups from the days of civilization to present days to accomplish aims they could not achieve as individuals, managing has been essential to ensure the coordination of individual efforts. As society has come to rely increasingly on group effort, and as many organized groups have become large, the task of managers has been rising in importance from mono tasking to multi tasking. All the major achievement shave been made possible though people functioning in groups. Definition There is no single universally accepted definition of the term 'management'. Different scholars and schools of management have defined it differently emphasizing one or the other. In the words of Mary Parker Follett  'management is the art of getting things done through others'. This definition emphasizes that the managers achieve organisational objectives by getting work from others and no performi...

 Self Awareness Communication 80c

 Important Questions (Drafted from previous year question papers) Section A (6 marks questions) State the meaning and importance of prospectus. || What is register of members? What are its contents?| What are the contents of Register of members? State Importance of Register of members. State the facts and judicial decisions in the case Royal British Bank and Turquand. | State the facts and judicial decisions in the case Daimler Company Limited Versus Continental Tyre and Rubber Company. State the facts and judicial decision in the case Ashbury Railway carriage company Versus Riche Write a note on private limited company. Write a note on doctrine of constructive notice. What is share certificate? What are its contents? What is share certificate? Explain the provisions regarding issue of share certificate Classify the companies based on the registration. Who is the promoter? What are his functions? Write a note on proxy. Distinguish between transfer and transmission of shares.| Write...

Prospectus is a document containing detailed information about the company and an invitation to the public subscribing to the shares capital and debentures. It is a document that invites the public to subscribe to the securities of a body corporate. In private companies, it is called private placement from its relatives and friends, because a private company by definition is not allowed to invite subscriptions from the public.  Prospectus is not an offer in itself, but an invitation to make an offer. Section 2(70) of the Companies Act, 2013 defines Prospectus as “Any document described or issued as a prospectus and includes a red herring prospectus referred to in Section 32 or shelf prospectus referred to in Section  31 or any notice, circular, advertisement or other document inviting offers from the public for the subscription or purchase of any securities of a body corporate.” By this definition it can concluded that, any document inviting offers from the public for the subs...

Share capital of a company refers to the amount invested in the company for it to carry out its operations. In other words it refers to the amount of capital raised or to be raised by a company though the issue of shares. A share is the interest of a member in a company.  According to Section 2(84) of the Companies Act, 2013 “share” means a share in the share capital of a company and includes stock. It represents the interest of a shareholder in the company, measured for the purposes of liability and dividend. It attaches various rights and liabilities. A share is the smallest unit into which the company's capital is divided, representing the ownership of the shareholders in the company. A stock on the other hand is a collection of shares of a member that are fully paid up. Kinds of Shares As per the Section 43 of Companies Act, 2013, a company can issue only two types of shares.  1. Equity Share Capital [Section 43(i)] All share capital which is NOT preferential share capital...

Doctrine of Constructive Notice Constructive notice is the legal fiction hat signifies that a person or entity should have known, as a reasonable person would have, of a legal action taken or to be taken, even if they have no actual knowledge of it.  In companies law the doctrine of constructive notice is a doctrine where all persons dealing with a company are deemed (or "construed") to have knowledge of the company's articles of association and memorandum of association. Section 399 of the Companies Act, 2013 provides that any person can inspect by electronic means any document kept by the Registrar, or make a record of the same, or get a company or extracts of any documents including the certificate of incorporation of any company by payment of prescribed fees. This section  confers the right to inspection to all documents of companies.  Office of the Registrar is a public office The memorandum and article are open and accessible to all. It is the duty of every person d...

The doctrine of ultra vires is a fundamental law of the Indian Companies Act. ‘Ultra’ means ‘beyond’, ‘Vires’ means ‘Powers’. It lays down that if any act of the company or any contract entered into by the directors, on behalf of the company, is beyond powers vested in the directors and company by object clause of the Memorandum of Association is considered as void, and it does not create any legal relationship. In other words,  Ultra Vires of a company means that the act is beyond the legal powers and authority of the company. This fundamental law is to protect Investors in the company so that they may know the objects in which their money is to be employed and  to protect Creditors by ensuring that funds are not wasted in unauthorised activities. It need not necessarily illegal; it may be or may not be.  Company should not be fined or punished for its acts or of its agents.  If it exceeds its authority, it is good up to the extent of authority and bad as to th...

Telephone banking is a service provided by a bank or other financial institution, that enables customers to perform over the telephone a range of financial transactions which do not involve cash or Financial instruments (such as cheques), without the need to visit a bank branch or ATM. One of the most convenient banking services provided by the majority of the banks and financial institutions. It has made life easy as account holders can initiate transactions as well as complete some of the transactions. Customers can enjoy the flexibility of time with 24-hour phone banking service. The account holder can enquire about account balance, make bill payments, transfer funds to another account and do much more with this facility. To use this facility, customer may not require internet facility, instead just having calling facility in the phone is enough. How to get Phone Banking facility? It is important to register the mobile number with the bank to use the phone banking service. Once regi...

An Automated Teller Machine (ATM) cash machine (in British English) is a computerized telecommunications device and real-time system that provides the clients of a financial institution with access to their bank accounts in a public space without intervention administration of financial institution. To use an automatic teller machine, clients must have a plastic ATM card with a plastic smart card with a chip or a magnetic stripe, which contains a unique card number and some security information about the client. The customer is identified by inserting plastic ATM card and entering a personal identification number (PIN)for the customer. History of ATM The first ATM turned up at a Barclays Bank branch in London in 1967, though there are records of a cash dispenser in Japan in the mid-1960s. The interbank transaction that allowed a customer to use one bank’s card at another bank’s ATM in the 1970s. Currently, more than 3.5 million ATMs are in operation worldwide. History of ATM in I...